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Society

Overview | Civil Rights | Crime and Justice | Diversity and Immigration | Religions in the U.S. | Social Welfare | Family Life | Sports
Overview
Probably above everything else, Americans consider themselves individuals. There are strong family ties and strong loyalties to groups, but individuality and individual rights are most important. If this seems like a selfish attitude, it also leads Americans to an honest respect for other individuals and an insistence on human equality.

Related to this respect for individuality are American traits of independence and self-reliance. From an early age, children are taught to "stand on their own two feet," an idiom meaning to be independent. You may be surprised to learn that most U.S. students choose their own classes, select their own majors, follow their own careers, arrange their own marriages, and so on, instead of adhering to the wishes of their parents.

Honesty and frankness are two more aspects of American individuality, and they are more important to Americans than personal honor or "saving face." Americans may seem blunt at times, and in polite conversations they may bring up topics and issues that you find embarrassing, controversial, or even offensive. Americans are quick to get to the point and do not spend much time on social niceties. This directness encourages Americans to talk over disagreements and to try to patch up misunderstandings themselves, rather than ask a third party to mediate disputes.

Again, "individuality" is the key word when describing Americans, whether it is their personalities or their style of dress. Generally though, Americans like to dress and entertain informally and treat each other in a very informal way, even when there is a great difference in age or social standing. Students and professors often call each other by their first names. International students may consider this informality disrespectful, even rude, but it is part of American culture. Although there are times when Americans are respectful of, and even sentimental about, tradition, in general there is little concern for set social rules.

Competitiveness

Americans place a high value on achievement and this leads them to constantly compete against each other. You will find friendly, and not-so-friendly, competition everywhere. The American style of friendly joking or banter, of "getting in the last word," and the quick and witty reply are subtle forms of competition. Although such behavior is natural to Americans, some international students might find it overbearing and disagreeable.

Americans can also be obsessed with records of achievement in sports, in business, or even in more mundane things. Books and movies, for example, are sometimes judged not so much on quality but on how many copies are sold or on how many dollars of profit are realized. In the university as well, emphasis is placed on achievement, on grades, and on one's grade point average (GPA).

On the other hand, even if Americans are often competitive, they also have a good sense of teamwork and of cooperating with others to achieve a specific goal.

Measuring Success

Americans are often accused of being materialistic and driven to succeed. How much money a person has, how much profit a business deal makes, or how many material goods an individual accumulates is often their definition of success. This goes back to American competitiveness. Most Americans keep some kind of appointment calendar and live according to schedules. They always strive to be on time for appointments. To international students, American students seem to always be in a hurry, and this often makes them appear rude. However, this attitude makes Americans efficient, and they usually are able to get many things done, in part, by following their schedules.

Many Americans, however, do not agree with this definition of success; they enjoy life's simple pleasures and are neither overly ambitious nor aggressive. Many Americans are materially successful and still have time to appreciate the cultural, spiritual, and human aspects of life.

- Abridged from State Dept. Publications and other U.S. government materials
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Civil Rights

- United States Declaration of Independence -

Civil rights are the rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens and residents by legislation and by the Constitution. Civil rights protected by the Constitution include freedom of speech, press and assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality in public places.

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution collectively are called the Bill of Rights.The Bill of Rights outlines the individual rights guaranteed to each American citizen, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech.These rights have been a cornerstone of the rule of law in the United States because they protect citizens' fundamental right to freedom and liberty.

The original draft of the U.S. Constitution, which outlined the way in which the U.S. government would function, did not specifically include a section that outlined the rights of citizens. In 1791, through the work of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison and others, state delegates to the Constitutional Convention adopted the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. These amendments confirmed citizens' freedoms of religion, speech and the press, the right to peacefully assemble or protest, the right to form "a well-regulated militia" and bear arms and the right to a fair trial.

The Bill of Rights also provides for freedom from having property taken away unlawfully, from incriminating oneself and from unreasonable search and seizure.

Today, the fundamental freedoms outlined in the Bill of Rights represent the limits on what government can and cannot do to its citizens. These rights are referred to as civil liberties.And, although the scope of these protections still is debated in Supreme Court cases, civil liberties continue to be key components of the rule of law because they provide legal limits to government action and protect what the founders believed were Americans' fundamental rights.

- Abridged from State Dept. Publications and other U.S. government materials
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Individual Rights
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